INSTRUMENTAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF DYSPHAGIA AFTER A STROKE: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Abstract

Dysphagia is classified as a digestive disorder within the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) of the World Health Organization, recognized as a disability associated with increased morbidity, mortality and care costs.

Bedside assessment determines the patient's clinical fitness to be evaluated instrumentally. The gold standard for the study of dysphagia caused by a stroke is videofluoroscopy of swallowing, which allows us to visualize all the neuromotor events affected by the neurological injury.

A retrospective, descriptive study was carried out with a single clinical and functional measurement with VFD, reaching the definitive diagnosis of oropharyngeal dysphagia in 99 subjects (87.61%), pharyngeal dysphagia in 4 subjects (3.53%), and esophageal oropharyngeal dysphagia in 2 subjects (1.76%). In 8 subjects studied (7.07%), swallowing was functional. In relation to the protection of the airway during swallowing, entry into the laryngeal vestibule was observed in 29 subjects (25.66%) and bronchoaspiration in 13 subjects (11.5%). In relation to oral intake, levels 4 and 5 of the IDDSI diet were indicated for 83 subjects (73.45%), food intake was contraindicated for 14 subjects (12.38%). In relation to liquids, level 0 and 1of the IDDSI diet were indicated for 99 subjects (87.61%), contraindicating oral hydration in 14 subjects (12.38%).